Journal: Cells

Article Title: TGFβ1 Restores Energy Homeostasis of Human Trophoblast Cells Under Hyperglycemia In Vitro by Inducing PPARγ Expression, AMPK Activation, and HIF1α Degradation

doi: 10.3390/cells14010045

Figure Lengend Snippet: TGFβ1 differentially regulates glucose transporters expression, lactate, and ATP production: ( A–E ) JEG-3 cells were cultured for 24 h in media containing normal-glucose (5 mM) or high-glucose (25 mM) concentrations in the absence or presence of TGFβ1 at 50 ng/mL. ( A ) Representative images of GLUT1, GLUT3, and b-actin protein detection, as assessed by western blot. Graphical analysis showing the relative expression of GLUT1 ( B ) and GLUT3 ( C ) at 5 mM and 25 mM glucose. ( D ) Quantitation of lactate production was assessed using the Lactate-Glo TM assay kit. ( E ) Quantitation of ATP production was assessed using the ATP luminescence detection assay kit. Data are expressed as nM of ATP and lactate ( n = 3). ( F ) Quantitation of relative cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay ( n = 3). Each bar represents the mean ± SD from at least two independent experiments. * p < 0.05 indicates a significant difference between the cell groups, and ns = nonsignificant difference.

Article Snippet: The Total OXPHOS Rodent WB Antibody Cocktail (ab110413) was sourced from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), and the mouse monoclonal GLUT3 Abs (Sc-74399) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Cambridge, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Cell Culture, Western Blot, Quantitation Assay, Detection Assay, MTT Assay